SOURCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All names, dates, and geographical locations in this work in the Duchy of Holstein are from the Lutheran Church Archives at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany. In the United States they are from gravestones, censuses (both Federal and Special Iowa), birth records, marriage records, death records, newspaper articles, an individual family recollections. My initial knowledge of the Kuhl family came from my grandfather Herman Peter Kuhl(#44) in 1959/60. Additional early information was gleaned from the Henry Kuhl(#28) sketch in the Biographical History of Fremont and Mills Counties(1901) and from Viola(Nipp)Bichel's (daughter-in-law of Anna Celia Kay(#14.ii.4.) Mineola Then and Now(1981). The Mills County(IA) Genealogical Society provided data from Mills Co. IA records. The Scott County(IA) Genealogical Society in its publishing program (Marriages Scott County Iowa and Davenport Democrat Index) has been of incalculable assistance. A special word of thanks has to go to Irma Wiese Whipple. It was her book In Search of Family Wiese(1983) and her encouragement that finally led me to research the Kuhl family in Germany with such excellent results. Much of what is said here about the Probstei is adapted from Mrs. Whipple's book (those wishing to learn a great deal more about the Prostei: customs, etc. would be well advised to buy a copy - $11 postpaid - Paper Mill Press, 8650 Lords Manor Way, Rohnert Park CA 94928). In May of 1988 I had the good fortune to meet Mrs. Whipple and her husband. All the descendants of Peter Kuhl(#14) are doubly related to Mrs. Whipple since Peter Kuhl and his wife Anna Steffen were both descended from a pair of Mrs. Whipple's forebears. (some doubt has recently been cast on one of these descents, see Guenter Fink's Probsteier Geschlecterbuch v. 2 p.296 II1 and II3, and footnote 3). Peter Kuhl and Anna Steffen were third cousins once removed. This leads to the grandchildren of the immigrant generation being sixth cousins (through Peter Kuhl) and fifth cousins once removed (through Anna Steffen) to Mrs. Whipple. Note that Peter and Anna's relationship leads to their children being fourth cousins once removed to themselves. (Through their father they were fourth cousins to their mother.) Appendix A in Section III presents a chart which outlines these relationships. This sort of involved interrelationship is not that uncommon in pre-twentieth century agricultural communities. A further example is the relationship of Irelene(Bebensee) Rohrberg(#14.ii.4.) to various people in this work. She is related to all of the descendants of Peter Kuhl(#14) through her great grandmother Margaretha Kuhl(#14.ii.), she also has a remote connection to the Kays due to a distant Kay ancestor in the Bebensee descent, this is shown in Section III in Appendix C (she is a sixth cousin through this ancestor to her contemporary Kay second cousins via the Kuhls); she has an additional relationship to the descendants of Henry(#28) since her grandfather William A. Bichel(see #14.11.4.) was the brother of Henry Kuhl's wife Johanna Bichel; and she has an additional relationship to the descendants of Herman Peter Kuhl(#44) since her other grandfather, Johann Bebensee, was a half-uncle to Herman Peter Kuhl's wife Helena Dorothea Kruse. The primary, secondary, and personal sources for the various chapters in this work are as follows: Section I Kühl in the Probstei Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Claus Kuhl(#10) Wolbert Schmit Section II Peter Martin Kuhl(#11) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Marriages Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader Solano Co.(CA) Genealogical Society 1860 Census-IA-Scott Co. 1870, 1880, 1900 Census-CA-Solano Co. 1900, 1910 Census-CA-Modoc Co. Warren F. Kuehl(#67) Linda Melody(Morgan)McKinley(21.iv.5.) Henry Kuehl(#12) Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader Marriages Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 1860, 1870, 1880 Census-IA-Scott Co. Tombstone Records of Scott County, Iowa Warren F. Kuehl(#67) James Kuehl(#13) Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Tombstone Records of Scott County, Iowa Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader 1860, 1870, 1880 Census-IA-Scott Co. Warren F. Kuehl(#67) Katharina Goettsch(#8.iii.2.) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Hamburg(Germany) Passenger Lists Register of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader 1880, 1900 Census-IA-Scott Co. Tombstone Records of Scott County, Iowa Maria Goettsch(#8.iii.5.) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader 1880, 1900 Census-IA-Scott Co. 1915, 1925 Special Iowa Census-Scott Co. Henry Goettsch(#8.iii.6.) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader 1900 Census-IA-Scott Co. 1925 Special Iowa Census-Scott Co. Peter Kuhl(#14) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Mills County Iowa - Cemeteries 1885 Special Iowa Census-Mills Co. 1900 Census-Iowa-Mills Co. Biographical History of Fremont and Mills Counties(IA) Anna Kuhl(#14.1.) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Douglas Co. (NE) Marriages Hamburg(Germany) Passenger Lists Register of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York 1880, 1900 Census-NE-Douglas Co. German Cemetery (Washington Co. NE) gravestones Anna Schneekloth(#14.i.2.) Luella Schneekloth(#14.i.2.) Herman P. Kuhl(#44) Hans Kuhl(#27) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 1870 Census-NE-Scott Co. 1885 Special Nebraska Census-Douglas Co. 1880, 1900 Census-NE-Douglas Co. Fort Calhoun(NE) Cemetery gravestones Douglas Co.(NE) Marriages Herman P. Kuhl(#44) Walter Weise(#27.i.2.) Mabel Sievers(#27.iv.i.) Helen Klabunde(#27.x.1.) Richard Oltregge([#27.x.4]) Lena Kuhl(#44.iv.) Doris Kuhl(#44.iii.) Diane Brown(#86) Helena Kuhl(#46.i.) Mr. & Mrs. Havery D. Kuhl(#71) Cherilyn Kuhl(#72.iii.) Claus Kuhl(#14.iv.) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Hamburg(Germany) Passenger Lists Register of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York Katharina Kuhl(#14.iv.) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Tombstone Records of Scott County, Iowa 1870, 1880, 1900 Census-IA-Scott Co. 1915, 1925 Special Iowa Census-Scott Co. Henry Kuhl(#28) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Hamburg(Germany) Passenger Lists Mills Co.(IA) Marriages Biographical History of Fremont and Mills Counties(IA) 1900 Census-IA-Mills Co. 1885 Special Iowa Census-Mills Co. 1910 Census-NE-Sherman Co. Irlene Bebensee(#14.ii.4.) Doris Kuhl(#48.iv.) Lucille Kuhl(#49.iv.) William Kuhl(#29) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany 1885 Special Iowa Census-Mills Co. Mills County, Iowa-Cemeteries 1900 Census-IA-Mills Co. Mills Co.(IA) Marriages Mr. & Mrs. William F. Kuhl(#75) Dakota County Nebraska Ferdinand Kuhl(#30) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany 1900 Census-IA-Mills Co. Mills Co.(IA) Marriages Mills Co.(IA) Tribune Mills County, Iowa-Cemeteries Robert Barrett(30.v.1.) Hans Kuhl(#15) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Henry Kuhl(#31) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader 1900 Census-IA-Crawford Co. Claus Kuhl(#32) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 1900 Census-IA-Crawford Co. Joachim Kuhl(#16) Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Marriages of Scott County Iowa 1838-1879 Tombstone Records of Scott County, Iowa Davenport(IA) Democrat & Leader Albert Wiese(#33.v.1.) Alan H. Ihms(#33.vi.1.) Robert E. Kuhl(#76) Dr. W. James Kuhl Jr.(#77) Gerald L. Kuhl(#102) Section III Allied Families Lutheran Church records at Preetz, Federal Republic of Germany Bichel - Mineola Then and Now Herman P. Kuhl(#44) Whipple - In Search of Family Weise Invariably in a work of this nature mistakes, both typographical and factual occur. Those that are here are solely my responsibility. 5 Mar 1999 (rev. 30 Jul 2008)